particle
A word that does not change its form through inflection and does not easily fit into the established system of parts of speech. Particles are closely linked to verbs to form multi-word verbs (for example, go away).
Other particles include to used with an infinitive and not (a negative particle).
discourse marker
Definition:
A particle (such as oh, well, now, and you know) that is used in conversation to make discourse more coherent but that generally adds little to the paraphrasable meaning of an utterance.
In most cases, discourse markers are syntactically independent: that is, removing a marker from a sentence still leaves the sentence structure intact. Discourse markers are more common in informal speech than in most forms of writing.
(Richard Nordquist, About.com Guide)
"Among individual words commonly so classed are the negative particle not (and its contraction n't), the infinitival particle to (to go; to run), the imperative particles do, don't (Do tell me; Don't tell me) and let, let's (Let me see now; Let's go). There is also a set of adverbial and prepositional particles that combine with verbs to form phrasal verbs (out in look out; up in turn up) and prepositional verbs (at in get at; for in care for)."
(Sidney Greenbaum, "Particle," Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford Univ. Press, 1992)
"Particles are short words . . . that with just one or two exceptions are all prepositions unaccompanied by any complement of their own. Some of the most common prepositions belonging to the particle category . . .: along, away, back, by, down, forward, in, off, on, out, over, round, under, up."
(Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey Pullum, A Student's Introduction to English Grammar. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006)
"Among individual words commonly so classed are the negative particle not (and its contraction n't), the infinitival particle to (to go; to run), the imperative particles do, don't (Do tell me; Don't tell me) and let, let's (Let me see now; Let's go). There is also a set of adverbial and prepositional particles that combine with verbs to form phrasal verbs (out in look out; up in turn up) and prepositional verbs (at in get at; for in care for)."
(Sidney Greenbaum, "Particle," Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford Univ. Press, 1992)
"Particles are short words . . . that with just one or two exceptions are all prepositions unaccompanied by any complement of their own. Some of the most common prepositions belonging to the particle category . . .: along, away, back, by, down, forward, in, off, on, out, over, round, under, up."
(Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey Pullum, A Student's Introduction to English Grammar. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006)
discourse marker가 담화표지를 뜻하므로 조사를 marker라 하지 않고 particle이라고 함이 적절할 듯하다.
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